Compiler In System Software Ppt

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Software Security | Software and Applications (non-game)

Sometimes a compiler may be listed as system software. But, ingeneral, a compiler falls under the heading of applicationsoftware, because it is not necessary for the running or executionof the operating system, and that is what system software wouldbe.

Are languages and compilers application softwares?

No. A compiler is a system software. An application can be created using a language and a compiler. A language is what you write the software with. No. A compiler is a system software. An application can be created using a language and a compiler. A language is what you write the software with. No. A compiler is a system software. An application can be created using a language and a compiler. A language is…

Why is compiler a system software?

Is compiler a system software or application software?

Application software can’t run independently. They can’t run without the presence of system software. Some examples of system softwares are compiler, assembler, debugger, driver, etc. Some examples of application softwares are word processor, web browser, media player, etc. System software is generally prepared by the computer manufacturers. These software products comprise of programs written in low-level languages, which interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between the hardware and the end users. Some examples of system software are Operating System, Compilers, Interpreter, Assemblers, etc.

Is a compiler is a system software or application software?

Compiler and interpreter belongs to which category of software?

Is compiler a system program or an application program?

Programming language compilers are application programs. In some publications, however, the term system software also includes software development tools (like a compiler, linker or debugger).

What is the relation between Compiler and operating system?

compiler basically translator of one language to desired languages..ex-c language to m/c redable format and os is a system software which provides interfaces between applicaton programs and hardware..so os is a interface unit system software and compiler just a translator..

Is linker system software?

A linker is a component of a compiler. The entire compiler suite, including the linker, can be defined as system software, depending on the definition being used. Odds are, if you're working in the open source community, such as Linux, the linker is considered system software, while if you're working in the proprietary market, the linker is not considered system software. If you need a definitive answer, such as for a class, refer to your…

What are the different kinds of software and how do they work?

two kinds of software are: 1.system software(interpreter,assembler,compiler) 2.application software(word processor,spreadsheet,accounting software) further improvement requested

What are the five elements of computer?

Hardware Software Compiler Operating system CPU Or: Input devices Output devices Processing devices Storage devices Software

Ive tried with all household members (they where either guests or hosts), tryed doing it as group too, but it doesnt register. The sims complete collection pc cheats. Ive tried old saves, new saves, with mods, without mods and ive repaired the game.

What is a group of programs that coordinate and control the resources of a computer system called?

A group of programs that coordinate and control the resources of a computer system is called a system software. In other publications, it also includes software development tools like a debugger, linker or compiler.

Whether c language is a system software or application software?

The C language is used to create applications, but cannot be really called an application itself. It is a tool to create an application, and with a compiler, which is a piece of system software, it takes the language and creates an application with it by converting the language into a form a computer and operating system can understand.

Functions of a linker in system software?

A linker takes the object files produced by the compiler and links them together to form a single machine code executable.

What is the difference between java compiler and C compiler?

Greetings Technologist. The Java compiler compiles Java code, whereas the C compiler compiles C Code HTH Richard Wolf Software Architect

What is the difference between GCC compiler and turbo c compiler?

1. The Gcc compiler cna support multiple languages such as c,c++,Java,Fortran,Pascal etc.. Whereas in turbo c cpmpiler,it doesn't support multiple languages. 2. GCC compiler is a free software,.. Whereas in turbo c cpmpiler , it is not a free software. 3. The GCC compiler is is a portable compiler,it runs on most plateform avilable today.. Whereas in turbo c cpmpiler, it is not a portable compiler.

How does an operating system affect the application software?

Software has to be written to run on a particular operating system. While there are lots of programming languages that will run on many operating systems, a compiler or runtime engine has to interpret the programming language and translate it into commands that the operating system understands. The Operating System is the foundation of the building. Applications are the structure built on the foundation.

Technical difference between native code and cross compiler?

Native code is simply machine-dependent code (machine code). It is the only language 'understood' by the machine, however the code is non-portable; the code will only execute correctly upon the platform (the architecture and operating system) for which it was specifically intended. A cross-compiler is a compiler which is capable of producing machine code for machines other than (or in addition to) the one upon which the compiler is executing. This is useful for creating…

What is another term for system software?

This is a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer. Therefore another term used is often operating system, but only because it is the most common type of system sofware.

Is compiler a hardware?

No, a compiler is not hardware - it is software - a program that converts, or compiles, source code representing a program into its machine code so that it can be executed on the computer.

What is a compiler in c program?

A compiler is a software program that translates C code into object code. The resultant object code can then be linked to produce an executable.

How c plus plus implemented pure interpreter a hybrid implementation system or a compiler?

C++ is usually implemented as a compiler base system.

How software testing differ from program testing?

Program is a part of software and is compiled by compiler. Combining several programs a complete software is formed. Testing that complete software is called software testing.

What does systems software carry out?

Refers to the operating system and all utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level. Software is generally divided into systems software and applications software. Applications software comprises programs designed for an end user, such as word processors, database systems, and spreadsheet programs. Systems software includes compilers, loaders, linkers, and debuggers. A program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer

How do you create software in c?

Which takes request from software application and translates in the language that hardware can understand?

What are the different possible approaches to system error correction in compilers?

Compilers do not correct errors let alone system errors. A system error is a systematic failure, either within the hardware itself or in its software configuration. A compiler is specifically concerned with program source code and whether or not it is capable of being compiled into object code. If not, the compiler will tell you where the problem lies, but you still have to fix it yourself. It will not detect system errors of any…

What is CMS?

Conversational Monitor System, an OS for the IBM System 360 and IBM System 370, introduced in 1967 Compiler Monitor System-2, a compiler and programming language that was developed for the US Navy in 1968 Collection Management System, for a museum collection Color Management System, a system for computers to control the representation of colors Content Management System, a system for managing content and providing it in various formats Client Music Synthesis, a technology to transfer…

What is the GNU software?

GNU software is software created by the Free Software Foundation and contributors to create a fully free operating system (in a matter of freedom) Some important GNU software include: the GNU C library bash, the Bourne Again SHell binutils gcc (Gnu Compiler Collection, including compilers for several programming languages) the grub bootloader

What is a compiler software?

A Compiler is a device, or program, that takes all the code from a project you have created in an IDE or editing software, and compiles it into a executable .exe or .jar file. It gathers the languages syntax and detects warnings and errors also, depending on your IDE or editor.

Difference between system software and software system?

there is no such thing is a software system and system software is operational program

Why is a compiler a necessary part of a computer system?

A compiler is not a necessary part of a computer system. It is necessary if you are writing applications for a computer system; the compiler creates machine readable code from a source code file, such as a Java or C++ file, which then can be executable on the computer system. An alternate to the compiler is the interpreter, which is an application that reads a script file, for example JavaScript, and then executes the script…

What is compiler in c language?

The compiler is software that allows any high-level language to be translated into the machine language, compilers are language specific, i.e. C language has its own compiler which will translate the code written in C language to the machine language, compiler for Java will do the same task for the Java code

What is a compiler and an interpreter?

Compiler, interpreter and assembler are system programs that translate your source code in a language that machines can understand(binary).

What is the language processor?

Language processors are language translation software like assembler, interpreter and compiler

What is campilar?

Compiler, is a software that translates computer programs from higher level language to machine language.

Does visual basic 2008 for dummies come with a compiler?

No. The software is owned by Microsoft. The book is published by John Wiley & Sons. You have to buy the software separately.

It's pretty stable without crash during the scan, it now can restore photos, music, movies, office, PSD, RAR and more. Real-time Preview and Recover Over 40 File Types As Well In order to maximize the reduction of the hard disk scanning time and improve user experience, the latest updates have embedded the real-time preview feature that makes it quickly and selectively to recover your desired files, save your work and energy. Real-time Preview the Scanned Files * After the scanning, all of the found files will be listed in a tree view and display details with an intuitive way, including the file name, type and size, you can click a certain file to preview, like photos (JPEG, JPG, PNG, TIFF, BMP, GIF), you can recover certain photo or entire photos. Deep recovery software download for pc free. Support Over 40 File Types As Well * In other to meet to the different request of different customers, this program has added dozens of file recovery, namely it is no longer a single photo recovery tool.

How are instructions converted to machine language?

Instructions are converted to machine language by a compiler. Compiler is a software that translates your program written in any high level language into machine language. If you are asking that 'how compiler does this task?' Do mention here. It's a separate discussion. -Manu-

What is the system software?

What steps are required to locate math.h in C plus plus?

To find math.h, simply include it .. #include <math.h> .. The compiler knows where the standard libraries are. This is a function of where the compiler is installed, and varies from system to system. By using the carets (< and >) you are telling the compiler to look in the 'standard' places.

What software contains operating system and system utilities?

There are two kinds of software: system software and application software. System software includes operating system, system utilities, and device drivers. Sender:S.K.SHARMA. DOMBIVLI EAST.

Is Linux a system software or application software?

System software. In fact, Linux itself is *the* system software: The kernel of a Linux distribution and the central software of the Linux operating system.

What system software is the most important software for the computer?

The most important software in any system is the operating system. No other software can run on a system that does not have an operating system.

What is the difference between a cross-compiler and a C compiler?

A C compiler is a program that turns source code written in the C programming language into machine code. A cross-compiler is any compiler (C or another language) that compiles code in a format used on another operating system or processor.

Difference between gcc compiler and other or benefits of gcc over c compiler?

gcc is a c compiler among many other things. It can also be used to compile code in other languages. gcc is a fairly advanced compiler and is used to compile Linux along with most other free(as in free speech) software.

What are the Components of system software?

There are three components of system software: 1. Operating System Software 2. Standard Software 3. Application Software

What are the difference between system software a?

Compiler And Interpreter In System Programming Ppt

A system is a system which operates the computer but a software is that which is supported by a system and we can operate a software with help of system.

Is windows xp application software or system software?

Is windows 7 a system software or application software?

Is vista system software or application software?

What type of software translates a programming language into machine language for one type of machine?

A cross compiler is a compiler capable of creating executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running. For example, a compiler that runs on a Windows 7PC but generates code that runs on Androidsmartphone is a cross compiler.

A cross compiler is necessary to compile code for multiple platforms from one development host. Direct compilation on the target platform might be infeasible, for example on a microcontroller of an embedded system, because those systems contain no operating system. In paravirtualization, one computer runs multiple operating systems and a cross compiler could generate an executable for each of them from one main source.

Cross compilers are distinct from source-to-source compilers. A cross compiler is for cross-platform software development of machine code, while a source-to-source compiler translates from one programming language to another in text code. Both are programming tools.

• 6Microsoft C cross compilers

Use[edit]

The fundamental use of a cross compiler is to separate the build environment from target environment. This is useful in several situations:

• Embedded computers where a device has extremely limited resources. For example, a microwave oven will have an extremely small computer to read its touchpad and door sensor, provide output to a digital display and speaker, and to control the machinery for cooking food. This computer will not be powerful enough to run a compiler, a file system, or a development environment. Since debugging and testing may also require more resources than are available on an embedded system, cross-compilation can be less involved and less prone to errors than native compilation.
• Compiling for multiple machines. For example, a company may wish to support several different versions of an operating system or to support several different operating systems. By using a cross compiler, a single build environment can be set up to compile for each of these targets.
• Compiling on a server farm. Similar to compiling for multiple machines, a complicated build that involves many compile operations can be executed across any machine that is free, regardless of its underlying hardware or the operating system version that it is running.
• Bootstrapping to a new platform. When developing software for a new platform, or the emulator of a future platform, one uses a cross compiler to compile necessary tools such as the operating system and a native compiler.
• Compiling native code for emulators for older now-obsolete platforms like the Commodore 64 or Apple II by enthusiasts who use cross compilers that run on a current platform (such as Aztec C's MS-DOS 6502 cross compilers running under Windows XP).

Use of virtual machines (such as Java's JVM) resolves some of the reasons for which cross compilers were developed. The virtual machine paradigm allows the same compiler output to be used across multiple target systems, although this is not always ideal because virtual machines are often slower and the compiled program can only be run on computers with that virtual machine.

Typically the hardware architecture differs (e.g. compiling a program destined for the MIPS architecture on an x86 computer) but cross-compilation is also applicable when only the operating system environment differs, as when compiling a FreeBSD program under Linux, or even just the system library, as when compiling programs with uClibc on a glibc host.

Canadian Cross[edit]

The Canadian Cross is a technique for building cross compilers for other machines. Given three machines A, B, and C, one uses machine A (e.g. running Windows XP on an IA-32 processor) to build a cross compiler that runs on machine B (e.g. running Mac OS X on an x86-64 processor) to create executables for machine C (e.g. running Android on an ARM processor). When using the Canadian Cross with GCC, there may be four compilers involved:

• The proprietary native Compiler for machine A (1) (e.g. compiler from Microsoft Visual Studio) is used to build the gcc native compiler for machine A (2).
• The gcc native compiler for machine A (2) is used to build the gcc cross compiler from machine A to machine B (3)
• The gcc cross compiler from machine A to machine B (3) is used to build the gcc cross compiler from machine B to machine C (4)

The end-result cross compiler (4) will not be able to run on build machine A; instead it would run on machine B to compile an application into executable code that would then be copied to machine C and executed on machine C.

For instance, NetBSD provides a POSIXUnix shell script named build.sh which will first build its own toolchain with the host's compiler; this, in turn, will be used to build the cross-compiler which will be used to build the whole system.

The term Canadian Cross came about because at the time that these issues were under discussion, Canada had three national political parties.^[1]

Timeline of early cross compilers[edit]

• 1979 – ALGOL 68C generated ZCODE; this aided porting the compiler and other ALGOL 68 applications to alternate platforms. To compile the ALGOL 68C compiler required about 120kB of memory. With Z80 its 64kB memory is too small to actually compile the compiler. So for the Z80 the compiler itself had to be cross compiled from the larger CAP capability computer or an IBM System/370 mainframe.

GCC and cross compilation[edit]

GCC, a free software collection of compilers, can be set up to cross compile. It supports many platforms and languages.

GCC requires that a compiled copy of binutils be available for each targeted platform. Especially important is the GNU Assembler. Therefore, binutils first has to be compiled correctly with the switch --target=some-target sent to the configure script. GCC also has to be configured with the same --target option. GCC can then be run normally provided that the tools, which binutils creates, are available in the path, which can be done using the following (on UNIX-like operating systems with bash):

Travel and tourism information. Boniface and Chris Cooper 1987, 1994, 2001, 2005. Boniface Chris Cooper Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803 First published as The Geography of Travel and Tourism 1987 Reprinted 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993 Second edition 1994 Reprinted 1994, 1995, 1996 (twice) Third edition 2001 Fourth edition 2005 Copyright Brian G.

Cross compiling GCC requires that a portion of the target platform's C standard library be available on the host platform. The programmer may choose to compile the full C library, but this choice could be unreliable. The alternative is to use newlib, which is a small C library containing only the most essential components required to compile C source code.

The GNU autotools packages (i.e. autoconf, automake, and libtool) use the notion of a build platform, a host platform, and a target platform. The build platform is where the compiler is actually compiled. In most cases, build should be left undefined (it will default from host). The host platform is where the output artifacts from the compiler will be executed. The target platform is used when cross compiling cross compilers, it represents what type of object code the package itself will produce; otherwise the target platform setting is irrelevant.^[2] For example, consider cross-compiling a video game that will run on a Dreamcast. The machine where the game is compiled is the build platform while the Dreamcast is the host platform.

Another method popularly used by embedded Linux developers involves the combination of GCC compilers with specialized sandboxes like Scratchbox, scratchbox2, or PRoot. These tools create a 'chrooted' sandbox where the programmer can build up necessary tools, libc, and libraries without having to set extra paths. Facilities are also provided to 'deceive' the runtime so that it 'believes' it is actually running on the intended target CPU (such as an ARM architecture); this allows configuration scripts and the like to run without error. Scratchbox runs more slowly by comparison to 'non-chrooted' methods, and most tools that are on the host must be moved into Scratchbox to function.

Manx Aztec C cross compilers[edit]

Manx Software Systems, of Shrewsbury, New Jersey, produced C compilers beginning in the 1980s targeted at professional developers for a variety of platforms up to and including PCs and Macs.

Manx's Aztec Cprogramming language was available for a variety of platforms including MS-DOS, Apple II, DOS 3.3 and ProDOS, Commodore 64, Macintosh 68XXX^[3] and Amiga.

From the 1980s and continuing throughout the 1990s until Manx Software Systems disappeared, the MS-DOS version of Aztec C^[4] was offered both as a native mode compiler or as a cross compiler for other platforms with different processors including the Commodore 64^[5] and Apple II.^[6] Internet distributions still exist for Aztec C including their MS-DOS based cross compilers. They are still in use today.

Manx's Aztec C86, their native mode 8086 MS-DOS compiler, was also a cross compiler. Although it did not compile code for a different processor like their Aztec C65 6502 cross compilers for the Commodore 64 and Apple II, it created binary executables for then-legacy operating systems for the 16 bit 8086 family of processors.

When the IBM PC was first introduced it was available with a choice of operating systems, CP/M-86 and PC DOS being two of them. Aztec C86 was provided with link libraries for generating code for both IBM PC operating systems. Throughout the 1980s later versions of Aztec C86 (3.xx, 4.xx and 5.xx) added support for MS-DOS 'transitory' versions 1 and 2^[7] and which were less robust than the 'baseline' MS-DOS version 3 and later which Aztec C86 targeted until its demise.

Finally, Aztec C86 provided C language developers with the ability to produce ROM-able'HEX' code which could then be transferred using a ROM burner directly to an 8086 based processor. Paravirtualization may be more common today but the practice of creating low-level ROM code was more common per-capita during those years when device driver development was often done by application programmers for individual applications, and new devices amounted to a cottage industry. It was not uncommon for application programmers to interface directly with hardware without support from the manufacturer. This practice was similar to Embedded Systems Development today.

Thomas Fenwick and James Goodnow II were the two principal developers of Aztec-C. Fenwick later became notable as the author of the MicrosoftWindows CEkernel or NK ('New Kernel') as it was then called.^[8]

Microsoft C cross compilers[edit]

Early history – 1980s[edit]

Microsoft C (MSC) has a shorter history than others^[9] dating back to the 1980s. The first Microsoft C Compilers were made by the same company who made Lattice C and were rebranded by Microsoft as their own, until MSC 4 was released, which was the first version that Microsoft produced themselves.^[10]

In 1987 many developers started switching to Microsoft C, and many more would follow throughout the development of Microsoft Windows to its present state. Products like Clipper and later Clarion emerged that offered easy database application development by using cross language techniques, allowing part of their programs to be compiled with Microsoft C.

Borland C (California company) was available for purchase years before Microsoft released its first C product.

Long before Borland, BSD Unix (Berkeley University) had gotten C from the authors of the C language: Kernigan and Ritche who wrote it in unison while working for AT&T (labs). K&R's original needs was not only elegant 2nd level parsed syntax to replace asm 1st level parsed syntax: it was designed so that a minimal amount of asm be written to support each platform (the original design of C was ability to cross compile using C with the least support code per platform, which they needed.). Also yesterdays C directly related to ASM code wherever not platform dependent. Today's C (more-so c++) is no longer C compatible and the asm code underlying can be extremely different than written on a given platform (in Linux: it sometimes replaces and detours library calls with distributor choices). Today's C is a 3rd or 4th level language which is used the old way like a 2nd level language.

1987[edit]

C programs had long been linked with modules written in assembly language. Most C compilers (even current compilers) offer an assembly language pass (that can be tweaked for efficiency then linked to the rest of the program after assembling).

Compilers like Aztec-C converted everything to assembly language as a distinct pass and then assembled the code in a distinct pass, and were noted for their very efficient and small code, but by 1987 the optimizer built into Microsoft C was very good, and only 'mission critical' parts of a program were usually considered for rewriting. In fact, C language programming had taken over as the 'lowest-level' language, with programming becoming a multi-disciplinary growth industry and projects becoming larger, with programmers writing user interfaces and database interfaces in higher-level languages, and a need had emerged for cross language development that continues to this day.

By 1987, with the release of MSC 5.1, Microsoft offered a cross language development environment for MS-DOS. 16 bit binary object code written in assembly language (MASM) and Microsoft's other languages including QuickBASIC, Pascal, and Fortran could be linked together into one program, in a process they called 'Mixed Language Programming' and now 'InterLanguage Calling'.^[11] If BASIC was used in this mix, the main program needed to be in BASIC to support the internal runtime system that compiled BASIC required for garbage collection and its other managed operations that simulated a BASIC interpreter like QBasic in MS-DOS.

Compiler In System Software Ppt Pdf

The calling convention for C code, in particular, was to pass parameters in 'reverse order' on the stack and return values on the stack rather than in a processor register. There were other programming rules to make all the languages work together, but this particular rule persisted through the cross language development that continued throughout Windows 16 and 32 bit versions and in the development of programs for OS/2, and which persists to this day. It is known as the Pascal calling convention.

Another type of cross compilation that Microsoft C was used for during this time was in retail applications that require handheld devices like the Symbol Technologies PDT3100 (used to take inventory), which provided a link library targeted at an 8088 based barcode reader. The application was built on the host computer then transferred to the handheld device (via a serial cable) where it was run, similar to what is done today for that same market using Windows Mobile by companies like Motorola, who bought Symbol.

Early 1990s[edit]

Throughout the 1990s and beginning with MSC 6 (their first ANSI C compliant compiler) Microsoft re-focused their C compilers on the emerging Windows market, and also on OS/2 and in the development of GUI programs. Mixed language compatibility remained through MSC 6 on the MS-DOS side, but the API for Microsoft Windows 3.0 and 3.1 was written in MSC 6. MSC 6 was also extended to provide support for 32-bit assemblies and support for the emerging Windows for Workgroups and Windows NT which would form the foundation for Windows XP. A programming practice called a thunk was introduced to allow passing between 16 and 32 bit programs that took advantage of runtime binding (dynamic linking) rather than the static binding that was favoured in monolithic 16 bit MS-DOS applications. Static binding is still favoured by some native code developers but does not generally provide the degree of code reuse required by newer best practices like the Capability Maturity Model (CMM).

MS-DOS support was still provided with the release of Microsoft's first C++ Compiler, MSC 7, which was backwardly compatible with the C programming language and MS-DOS and supported both 16 bit and 32 bit code generation.

MSC took over where Aztec C86 left off. The market share for C compilers had turned to cross compilers which took advantage of the latest and greatest Windows features, offered C and C++ in a single bundle, and still supported MS-DOS systems that were already a decade old, and the smaller companies that produced compilers like Aztec C could no longer compete and either turned to niche markets like embedded systems or disappeared.

MS-DOS and 16 bit code generation support continued until MSC 8.00c which was bundled with Microsoft C++ and Microsoft Application Studio 1.5, the forerunner of Microsoft Visual Studio which is the cross development environment that Microsoft provide today.

Late 1990s[edit]

MSC 12 was released with Microsoft Visual Studio 6 and no longer provided support for MS-DOS 16 bit binaries, instead providing support for 32 bit console applications, but provided support for Windows 95 and Windows 98 code generation as well as for Windows NT. Link libraries were available for other processors that ran Microsoft Windows; a practice that Microsoft continues to this day.

MSC 13 was released with Visual Studio 2003, and MSC 14 was released with Visual Studio 2005, both of which still produce code for older systems like Windows 95, but which will produce code for several target platforms including the mobile market and the ARM architecture.

.NET and beyond[edit]

In 2001 Microsoft developed the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which formed the core for their .NET Framework compiler in the Visual Studio IDE. This layer on the operating system which is in the API allows the mixing of development languages compiled across platforms that run the Windows operating system.

The .NET Framework runtime and CLR provide a mapping layer to the core routines for the processor and the devices on the target computer. The command-line C compiler in Visual Studio will compile native code for a variety of processors and can be used to build the core routines themselves.

Microsoft .NET applications for target platforms like Windows Mobile on the ARM architecture cross-compile on Windows machines with a variety of processors and Microsoft also offer emulators and remote deployment environments that require very little configuration, unlike the cross compilers in days gone by or on other platforms.

Runtime libraries, such as Mono, provide compatibility for cross-compiled .NET programs to other operating systems, such as Linux.

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Libraries like Qt and its predecessors including XVT provide source code level cross development capability with other platforms, while still using Microsoft C to build the Windows versions. Other compilers like MinGW have also become popular in this area since they are more directly compatible with the Unixes that comprise the non-Windows side of software development allowing those developers to target all platforms using a familiar build environment.

Free Pascal[edit]

Free Pascal was developed from the beginning as a cross compiler. The compiler executable (ppcXXX where XXX is a target architecture) is capable of producing executables (or just object files if no internal linker exists, or even just assembly files if no internal assembler exists) for all OS of the same architecture. For example, ppc386 is capable of producing executables for i386-linux, i386-win32, i386-go32v2 (DOS) and all other OSes (see ^[12]). For compiling to another architecture, however, a cross architecture version of the compiler must be built first. The resulting compiler executable would have additional 'ross' before the target architecture in its name. i.e. if the compiler is built to target x64, then the executable would be ppcrossx64.

To compile for a chosen architecture-OS, the compiler switch (for the compiler driver fpc) -P and -T can be used. This is also done when cross compiling the compiler itself, but is set via make option CPU_TARGET and OS_TARGET. GNU assembler and linker for the target platform is required if Free Pascal does not yet have internal version of the tools for the target platform.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'4.9 Canadian Crosses'. CrossGCC. Archived from the original on October 9, 2004. Retrieved 2012-08-08. This is called a `Canadian Cross' because at the time a name was needed, Canada had three national parties.
2. ^https://www.gnu.org/s/libtool/manual/automake/Cross_002dCompilation.html
3. ^'Obsolete Macintosh Computers'. Archived from the original on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
4. ^Aztec C
5. ^Commodore 64
6. ^Apple II
7. ^MS-DOS TimelineArchived 2008-05-01 at the Wayback Machine
8. ^Inside Windows CE (search for Fenwick)
9. ^Microsoft Language Utility Version History
10. ^History of PC based C-compilersArchived December 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
11. ^Which Basic Versions Can CALL C, FORTRAN, Pascal, MASM
12. ^'Free Pascal Supported Platform List'. Platform List. Retrieved 2010-06-17. i386

C++ Software Compilers

External links[edit]

Free Compiler Software

• Cross Compilation Tools – reference for configuring GNU cross compilation tools
• Building Cross Toolchains with gcc is a wiki of other GCC cross-compilation references
• Scratchbox is a toolkit for Linux cross-compilation to ARM and x86 targets
• Grand Unified Builder (GUB) for Linux to cross-compile multiple architectures e.g.:Win32/Mac OS/FreeBSD/Linux used by GNU LilyPond
• Crosstool is a helpful toolchain of scripts, which create a Linux cross-compile environment for the desired architecture, including embedded systems
• crosstool-NG is a rewrite of Crosstool and helps building toolchains.
• buildroot is another set of scripts for building a uClibc-based toolchain, usually for embedded systems. It is utilized by OpenWrt.
• ELDK (Embedded Linux Development Kit). Utilized by Das U-Boot.
• T2 SDE is another set of scripts for building whole Linux Systems based on either GNU libC, uClibc or dietlibc for a variety of architectures
• IBM has a very clear structured tutorial about cross-building a GCC toolchain.
• (in French)Cross-compilation avec GCC 4 sous Windows pour Linux - A tutorial to build a cross-GCC toolchain, but from Windows to Linux, a subject rarely developed

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